Anakinra
Also known as: AMG-719, ANAK, Anakinra, IL-1Ra recombinant, IL‑1Ra, Kineret, rhIL-1Ra
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Summary
Recombinant human IL‑1 receptor antagonist administered subcutaneously for rheumatoid arthritis, cryopyrin‑associated periodic syndromes, and other inflammatory diseases.
Mechanism of Action
Competitive inhibition of IL‑1α and IL‑1β binding to IL‑1 receptor type I, blocking downstream inflammatory signaling
Routes of Administration
Goals & Uses
- Adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD)AutoinflammatoryModerate
- Gout flare managementCrystal ArthropathyModerate
- Rheumatoid arthritisAutoimmune DiseaseHigh
- Cryopyrin‑associated periodic syndromes (CAPS)AutoinflammatoryHigh
- Cytokine storm / macrophage activation syndromeHyperinflammatoryModerate
- Juvenile idiopathic arthritisAutoimmuneModerate
- NOMID/CINCA syndrome managementAutoinflammatoryHigh
- COVID-19 pneumonia with hyperinflammationInfectious/inflammatoryModerate
- Rheumatoid arthritis disease controlAutoimmune/inflammatoryHigh
Contraindications
- Concurrent TNF-inhibitor therapyDrug Interaction/immunosuppressionHigh
- Severe renal impairment (eGFR <30 mL/min)RenalModerate
- Known hypersensitivity to anakinra or E. coli-derived proteinsAllergic/immunologicHigh
- Active serious infectionInfectionHigh
- Active serious infectionsInfectiousHigh
- Neutropenia (ANC <1.5×10⁹/L)HematologicHigh
- Hypersensitivity to anakinra or any excipientAllergyHigh
Adverse Effects
- EosinophiliaHematologicRare
- Injection site reactionsLocalCommon
- HeadacheNeurologicCommonPain in the head or upper neck
- Hypersensitivity/allergic reactionsImmunologicRare
- NeutropeniaHematologicUncommonLow neutrophil count
- Increased risk of malignancy (lymphoma)OncologicRare
- Serious infectionsInfectiousUncommon
- Injection‑site reactionsLocalCommon
- Infections (respiratory, urinary)SystemicCommon
Drug Interactions
- Live vaccinesHigh
- CyclosporineModerate
- Other biologic DMARDs (e.g., abatacept, tocilizumab)Moderate
- CorticosteroidsModerate
- TNF inhibitors (e.g., etanercept, adalimumab)High
- MethotrexateLow
- Concomitant immunosuppressants (e.g., methotrexate, azathioprine)Moderate
Population Constraints
- PregnancyReproductive SafetyRelative
- Pediatric patientsAgeRelative
- ElderlyAgeRelative
- Pediatric patients (<18 years, except NOMID)AgeRelative
- Severe renal impairment (CrCl <30 mL/min) / ESRDRenalRelative
- Immunocompromised patientsImmunologicRelative
- Elderly patientsAgeRelative
- BreastfeedingReproductiveRelative
Regulatory Status
- European UnionApprovedApproved: Rheumatoid arthritis, CAPSEMA approval; same indications.
- United StatesApprovedApproved: Rheumatoid arthritis, Cryopyrin‑associated periodic syndromesFDA approved 2001.
- United KingdomApprovedApproved: Rheumatoid arthritis, CAPSMHRA approved; marketed as Kineret.
Marketed as Kineret; approved for moderate‑to‑severe rheumatoid arthritis and CAPS; not indicated for active serious infections.
Evidence & Sources
No sources recorded yet.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is Anakinra?
Recombinant human IL‑1 receptor antagonist administered subcutaneously for rheumatoid arthritis, cryopyrin‑associated periodic syndromes, and other inflammatory diseases.
What is Anakinra used for?
Anakinra is educationally associated with: Adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD), Gout flare management, Rheumatoid arthritis, Cryopyrin‑associated periodic syndromes (CAPS), Cytokine storm / macrophage activation syndrome, Juvenile idiopathic arthritis, NOMID/CINCA syndrome management, COVID-19 pneumonia with hyperinflammation, Rheumatoid arthritis disease control. Educational only — not medical advice.
How is Anakinra administered?
Recorded routes of administration: Intravenous, Subcutaneous.
What are the potential side effects of Anakinra?
Reported adverse effects include: Eosinophilia, Injection site reactions, Headache, Hypersensitivity/allergic reactions, Neutropenia, Increased risk of malignancy (lymphoma), Serious infections, Injection‑site reactions, Infections (respiratory, urinary). This list is not exhaustive — consult a qualified clinician.
Who should avoid Anakinra?
Recorded contraindications: Concurrent TNF-inhibitor therapy, Severe renal impairment (eGFR <30 mL/min), Known hypersensitivity to anakinra or E. coli-derived proteins, Active serious infection, Active serious infections, Neutropenia (ANC <1.5×10⁹/L), Hypersensitivity to anakinra or any excipient. Consult a qualified clinician before use.