Binetrakin

Recombinant Interleukin (cytokine)Rx: ResearchCompound: Withdrawn

Also known as: IL-4, recombinant human interleukin-4, rhIL-4, SCH-X

Educational Only — Not medical advice. Consult a qualified clinician before using any peptide.

Summary

Binetrakin is a recombinant human interleukin-4 (rhIL-4) that was investigated as an anticancer agent and immunomodulator. It was studied in clinical trials for various malignancies including renal cell carcinoma and non-small cell lung cancer, but development was largely discontinued due to limited efficacy and significant toxicity profile.

Mechanism of Action

Binetrakin (recombinant human IL-4) binds to the IL-4 receptor alpha chain (IL-4Rα), activating JAK1/JAK3 and STAT6 signaling pathways, modulating immune responses by promoting Th2 differentiation, inhibiting Th1 cytokine production, and exerting anti-tumor and immunomodulatory effects.

Routes of Administration

IntralesionalIntravenousSubcutaneous

Goals & Uses

  • ImmunomodulationImmunologyModerate
  • Anticancer activity (non-small cell lung cancer)OncologyLow
  • Antitumor immune activationImmuno OncologyLow
  • Anticancer activity (renal cell carcinoma)OncologyLow

Contraindications

  • Autoimmune diseaseImmuneModerateMay worsen or interact with immune-mediated disease
  • Severe cardiac diseaseCardiovascularHigh
  • Active severe infectionInfectiousModerate

Adverse Effects

  • Injection site reactionsLocalCommon
  • Capillary leak syndromeVascularUncommonLeakage of fluid from blood vessels into tissues
  • HypotensionCardiovascularUncommonLow blood pressure
  • Nausea/vomitingGastrointestinalCommon
  • Fever/chillsConstitutionalCommon
  • FatigueGeneralCommonLow energy or tiredness

Drug Interactions

  • CorticosteroidsModerate
  • ImmunosuppressantsModeratePotential interaction with immune pathways or infection risk

Population Constraints

  • Patients with severe hepatic or renal impairmentOrgan ImpairmentRelative
  • Pediatric patientsAgeRelative
  • Pregnant womenReproductiveRelative

Regulatory Status

  • European UnionUnapprovedNo marketing authorization granted by EMA or predecessor bodies.
  • United StatesUnapprovedInvestigated in Phase II clinical trials in the 1990s; never approved by the FDA. Development discontinued.
  • United KingdomUnapprovedNever approved by UK regulatory authorities.

Never received regulatory approval in any jurisdiction. Clinical development was halted; not commercially available. Investigated primarily in the 1990s and early 2000s.

Evidence & Sources

No sources recorded yet.

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