Enfuvirtide
Also known as: DP-178, Enfuvirtide, Fuzeon, T-20, T20
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Summary
Enfuvirtide (T-20, brand name Fuzeon) is a 36‑amino‑acid synthetic peptide approved for subcutaneous use in treatment‑experienced adults with HIV‑1 infection resistant to other antiretrovirals.
Mechanism of Action
Binds to the gp41 subunit of HIV-1 envelope protein, blocking the conformational change required for viral fusion with host cell membranes.
Routes of Administration
Goals & Uses
- Prevention of HIV disease progressionDisease ModificationModerate
- HIV‑1 infection treatmentAntiviralHigh
- Salvage therapy for multidrug-resistant HIVAntiretroviral SalvageHigh
- Reduction of HIV-1 viral loadAntiviral / Virologic SuppressionHigh
- Increase in CD4+ T-cell countImmunological RestorationHigh
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to enfuvirtide or any formulation componentAllergyHigh
- Treatment-naive HIV patientsClinical IndicationModerate
- Hypersensitivity to enfuvirtide or any excipientAllergy / HypersensitivityHigh
Adverse Effects
- Peripheral neuropathyNeurologicalUncommon
- Hypersensitivity reactionsImmunologicRare
- EosinophiliaHematologicUncommon
- Injection site reactionsLocalCommon
- Fatigue and insomniaGeneral / CNSCommon
- Injection site reactions (ISRs)Local / DermatologicCommon
- Bacterial pneumoniaInfectiousUncommon
- LipodystrophyDermatologicUncommon
Drug Interactions
- RifampicinLow
- No clinically significant pharmacokinetic interactionsLow
- SaquinavirLow
- RitonavirLow
Population Constraints
- PregnancyReproductive SafetyRelative
- Renal impairmentOrgan ImpairmentRelative
- Pediatric patients <6 yearsAgeRelative
- Pediatric patients < 6 yearsAgeAbsolute
- Coagulation disorders / anticoagulant useHematologicRelative
Regulatory Status
- European UnionApprovedApproved: HIV‑1 infection in adults with resistant virusApproved by EMA (2004).
- United StatesApprovedApproved: Treatment‑experienced HIV‑1 infection in adultsApproved by FDA (2003).
- United KingdomApprovedApproved: HIV-1 infection in treatment-experienced adults and pediatric patients ≥6 years in combination with other antiretroviral agentsRetained approval post-Brexit under MHRA; consistent with EU label.
FDA approved in 2003; EMA approved 2004. Administered as twice‑daily subcutaneous injections. No oral formulation.
Evidence & Sources
No sources recorded yet.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is Enfuvirtide?
Enfuvirtide (T-20, brand name Fuzeon) is a 36‑amino‑acid synthetic peptide approved for subcutaneous use in treatment‑experienced adults with HIV‑1 infection resistant to other antiretrovirals.
What is Enfuvirtide used for?
Enfuvirtide is educationally associated with: Prevention of HIV disease progression, HIV‑1 infection treatment, Salvage therapy for multidrug-resistant HIV, Reduction of HIV-1 viral load, Increase in CD4+ T-cell count. Educational only — not medical advice.
How is Enfuvirtide administered?
Recorded routes of administration: Subcutaneous.
What are the potential side effects of Enfuvirtide?
Reported adverse effects include: Peripheral neuropathy, Hypersensitivity reactions, Eosinophilia, Injection site reactions, Fatigue and insomnia, Injection site reactions (ISRs), Bacterial pneumonia, Lipodystrophy. This list is not exhaustive — consult a qualified clinician.
Who should avoid Enfuvirtide?
Recorded contraindications: Hypersensitivity to enfuvirtide or any formulation component, Treatment-naive HIV patients, Hypersensitivity to enfuvirtide or any excipient. Consult a qualified clinician before use.