Gastric inhibitory polypeptide
Also known as: Gastric inhibitory peptide, Gastric inhibitory polypeptide, GIP, Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, Glucose‑dependent insulinotropic polypeptide
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Summary
GIP is an endogenous 42‑amino‑acid hormone secreted by intestinal K‑cells after nutrient ingestion. It potentiates insulin release in a glucose‑dependent manner and has been explored as a therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes and obesity, often in combination with GLP‑1 agonism.
Mechanism of Action
Activates the GIP receptor (a G‑protein‑coupled receptor) on pancreatic β‑cells, enhancing glucose‑dependent insulin secretion and modestly promoting lipogenesis.
Routes of Administration
Goals & Uses
- Weight managementBody CompositionLow
- Type 2 diabetes managementEndocrine / MetabolicModerate
- Bone anabolismMusculoskeletalModerate
- Improve glycemic controlMetabolicModerate
- Obesity / weight managementMetabolicModerate
- Research tool for incretin biologyResearchHigh
- Augment insulin secretionMetabolicHigh
Contraindications
- Severe hypersensitivity to peptide preparationAllergyHigh
- Known hypersensitivity to GIP or excipientsAllergicHigh
- Insulinoma or conditions predisposing to hypoglycemiaEndocrineModerate
Adverse Effects
- Hypoglycemia (when combined with insulin or sulfonylureas)MetabolicUncommon
- HypoglycemiaMetabolicUncommonAbnormally low blood glucose
- Injection site reactionsLocalCommon
- NauseaGastrointestinalCommonFeeling of sickness or urge to vomit
- Increased fat depositionMetabolicUnknown
Drug Interactions
- InsulinModerateMay increase risk of low blood sugar
- SulfonylureasModerateMay increase risk of low blood sugar
- DPP-4 inhibitors (e.g., sitagliptin)Low
Population Constraints
- PregnancyReproductive SafetyRelative
- Renal impairmentOrgan ImpairmentRelative
- Pediatric populationsAgeRelative
- Pediatrics (<18 years)AgeRelative
Regulatory Status
- European UnionInvestigationalSame as US.
- United StatesInvestigationalNative GIP not approved; GIP‑based analogs in Phase II/III trials.
- United KingdomUnapprovedNot approved by MHRA as a standalone therapeutic agent.
The native peptide is not an approved drug; several GIP‑based analogs are in clinical development, while dual GIP/GLP‑1 agonists (e.g., tirzepatide) have received regulatory approval for type 2 diabetes.
Evidence & Sources
No sources recorded yet.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is Gastric inhibitory polypeptide?
GIP is an endogenous 42‑amino‑acid hormone secreted by intestinal K‑cells after nutrient ingestion. It potentiates insulin release in a glucose‑dependent manner and has been explored as a therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes and obesity, often in combination with GLP‑1 agonism.
What is Gastric inhibitory polypeptide used for?
Gastric inhibitory polypeptide is educationally associated with: Weight management, Type 2 diabetes management, Bone anabolism, Improve glycemic control, Obesity / weight management, Research tool for incretin biology, Augment insulin secretion. Educational only — not medical advice.
How is Gastric inhibitory polypeptide administered?
Recorded routes of administration: Intravenous, Subcutaneous.
What are the potential side effects of Gastric inhibitory polypeptide?
Reported adverse effects include: Hypoglycemia (when combined with insulin or sulfonylureas), Hypoglycemia, Injection site reactions, Nausea, Increased fat deposition. This list is not exhaustive — consult a qualified clinician.
Who should avoid Gastric inhibitory polypeptide?
Recorded contraindications: Severe hypersensitivity to peptide preparation, Known hypersensitivity to GIP or excipients, Insulinoma or conditions predisposing to hypoglycemia. Consult a qualified clinician before use.