Glatiramer
Also known as: COP-1, Copaxone, Copolymer-1, GA, Glatiramer, Glatiramer acetate, Glatopa
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Summary
Glatiramer acetate is a synthetic mixture of polypeptides administered subcutaneously for the treatment of relapsing‑remitting multiple sclerosis; it modulates immune responses to lower relapse rates and MRI lesion activity.
Mechanism of Action
Induces a Th2-biased immune response and acts as a decoy for myelin basic protein, modulating antigen presentation and cytokine production to reduce autoimmune activity.
Routes of Administration
Goals & Uses
- Reduction of relapse rate in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosisDisease ModificationHigh
- Relapsing‑remitting multiple sclerosisDisease Modifying TherapyHigh
- Treatment of clinically isolated syndrome (CIS)Disease ModificationModerate
- Reduction of MRI T2 lesion burdenRadiological OutcomesHigh
- Delay of disability progressionNeurological PreservationModerate
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to glatiramer acetate or mannitolAllergy/immunologyHigh
- Hypersensitivity to glatiramer acetateAllergyHigh
Adverse Effects
- LipoatrophyDermatologicalUncommon
- Chest painSystemicRare
- Immediate post‑injection systemic reactionsSystemicRare
- Injection site reactionsLocalCommon
- Skin necrosisDermatologicalRare
- Anxiety and depressionNeuropsychiatricUncommon
- Immediate post-injection reaction (IPIR)Systemic/cardiovascularUncommon
- LymphadenopathyLymphoreticularUncommon
- Transient flushingVasomotorCommon
Drug Interactions
- Live vaccinesHigh
- Immunosuppressants (e.g., azathioprine, methotrexate)Moderate
- ImmunosuppressantsModeratePotential interaction with immune pathways or infection risk
Population Constraints
- PregnancyReproductive SafetyRelative
- Renal impairmentOrgan ImpairmentRelative
- Pediatric patients (<18 years)AgeRelative
- LactationReproductiveRelative
- Pregnant womenReproductiveRelative
Regulatory Status
- European UnionApprovedApproved: relapsing‑remitting multiple sclerosis
- United StatesApprovedApproved: relapsing‑remitting multiple sclerosis
- United KingdomApprovedApproved: relapsing‑remitting multiple sclerosis
FDA approved (1996) for relapsing‑remitting MS; also approved in the EU and UK.
Evidence & Sources
No sources recorded yet.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is Glatiramer?
Glatiramer acetate is a synthetic mixture of polypeptides administered subcutaneously for the treatment of relapsing‑remitting multiple sclerosis; it modulates immune responses to lower relapse rates and MRI lesion activity.
What is Glatiramer used for?
Glatiramer is educationally associated with: Reduction of relapse rate in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, Relapsing‑remitting multiple sclerosis, Treatment of clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), Reduction of MRI T2 lesion burden, Delay of disability progression. Educational only — not medical advice.
How is Glatiramer administered?
Recorded routes of administration: Subcutaneous.
What are the potential side effects of Glatiramer?
Reported adverse effects include: Lipoatrophy, Chest pain, Immediate post‑injection systemic reactions, Injection site reactions, Skin necrosis, Anxiety and depression, Immediate post-injection reaction (IPIR), Lymphadenopathy, Transient flushing. This list is not exhaustive — consult a qualified clinician.
Who should avoid Glatiramer?
Recorded contraindications: Hypersensitivity to glatiramer acetate or mannitol, Hypersensitivity to glatiramer acetate. Consult a qualified clinician before use.