Colony-Stimulating Factors
11 compounds in this family, each with its recorded mechanism, routes of administration, safety notes and references to published literature.
- AncestimAncestim is a recombinant human stem‑cell factor (rhSCF) used to enhance the collection of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells for autologous transplantation. It is typically combined with granulocyte‑colony stimulating factor (filgrastim) and, when needed, chemotherapy, to improve the yield of CD34⁺ cells in patients whose stem‑cell mobilization is suboptimal.
- BalugrastimBalugrastim is a long‑acting, albumin‑fused granulocyte colony‑stimulating factor (G‑CSF) given by subcutaneous injection to support neutrophil recovery in patients receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy. Clinical trials, principally in breast‑cancer regimens, have shown it to be non‑inferior to pegfilgrastim in reducing the duration of severe neutropenia and febrile neutropenia, with a comparable safety profile.
- Efbemalenograstim alfaEfbemalenograstim alfa (Ryzneuta®, also known as F‑627) is a recombinant, Fc‑fusion granulocyte colony‑stimulating factor (G‑CSF) approved in China for preventing chemotherapy‑induced neutropenia in adults with non‑myeloid malignancies. By providing a single, long‑acting subcutaneous dose each chemotherapy cycle, it aims to reduce the duration and severity of neutropenia and the associated risk of infection.
- EflapegrastimEflapegrastim is an investigational, long‑acting granulocyte colony‑stimulating factor (G‑CSF) analog designed to prevent chemotherapy‑induced neutropenia, particularly in early‑stage breast cancer patients receiving docetaxel/cyclophosphamide. It is administered by subcutaneous injection and aims to shorten the duration of severe neutropenia and reduce febrile neutropenia risk, offering a potential alternative to existing agents such as pegfilgrastim.
- FilgrastimFilgrastim is a recombinant form of human granulocyte‑colony stimulating factor (G‑CSF) approved for prescription use. It is given to patients receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy to stimulate neutrophil recovery, thereby reducing the risk of febrile neutropenia and allowing dose‑dense or dose‑intense treatment schedules.
- LenograstimLenograstim is a glycosylated recombinant human granulocyte‑colony stimulating factor (G‑CSF) that is approved as a prescription medication. It is used to prevent or treat neutropenia that occurs after myelosuppressive chemotherapy, stem‑cell transplantation, or certain disease‑related conditions. By accelerating neutrophil recovery, lenograstim lowers infection risk, shortens hospital stays, and facilitates the collection of peripheral‑blood stem cells for autologous or allogeneic transplantation.
- LipegfilgrastimLipegfilgrastim is a long‑acting, glyco‑PEGylated granulocyte colony‑stimulating factor (G‑CSF) approved for prophylaxis of chemotherapy‑induced neutropenia. Administered as a single subcutaneous injection each chemotherapy cycle, it aims to reduce the incidence and duration of severe neutropenia and febrile neutropenia, thereby helping patients maintain planned chemotherapy dosing.
- MecapegfilgrastimMecapegfilgrastim is a pegylated recombinant human granulocyte‑colony stimulating factor (G‑CSF) biosimilar approved in China for prophylaxis of chemotherapy‑induced neutropenia and febrile neutropenia in patients with solid tumours and non‑myeloid haematologic malignancies. It is administered as a single subcutaneous injection per chemotherapy cycle to reduce the depth and duration of neutropenia and the associated infection risk.
- MolgramostimMolgramostim is a recombinant human granulocyte‑macrophage colony‑stimulating factor (GM‑CSF) investigated for therapeutic use. The principal clinical focus is autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (aPAP), a rare lung disorder where neutralising antibodies impair surfactant clearance. Inhaled molgramostim is being evaluated as a disease‑modifying, home‑administered therapy, and it has also been studied as an adjunct to antibiotics in abdominal sepsis.
- PegfilgrastimPegfilgrastim is a PEGylated analogue of granulocyte‑colony stimulating factor (G‑CSF) approved for prescription use. It is given subcutaneously to stimulate the production and maturation of neutrophils, thereby reducing the risk of chemotherapy‑induced neutropenia and its complications.
- SargramostimSargramostim is a prescription‑only, recombinant human granulocyte‑macrophage colony‑stimulating factor (GM‑CSF) belonging to the colony‑stimulating factor family. It is administered by injection (intravenous or subcutaneous) and, in an inhaled formulation, directly to the lungs. The protein stimulates myeloid cells and is being explored as an immune adjuvant in cancer vaccines, as a synergist with checkpoint inhibitors for melanoma, and as a disease‑modifying therapy for autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (aPAP).