Goserelin
Also known as: Goserelin acetate, ICI-118630, Zoladex
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Summary
Goserelin is an injectable GnRH agonist used to suppress gonadal steroid production in prostate cancer, breast cancer, endometriosis, uterine fibroids, and precocious puberty.
Mechanism of Action
Synthetic decapeptide that binds GnRH receptors, causing an initial surge then down‑regulation of LH/FSH secretion, leading to decreased sex hormone production.
Routes of Administration
Goals & Uses
- Ovarian protection during chemotherapyOncology/fertilityModerate
- Prostate cancerOncologyHigh
- Endometrial thinning before ablationGynecologyModerate
- Prostate cancer treatmentOncologyHigh
- Precocious pubertyPediatric EndocrinologyModerate
- Breast cancer treatmentOncologyHigh
- Uterine fibroidsGynecologyModerate
- Uterine fibroids (leiomyomata)GynecologyHigh
- Breast cancerOncologyHigh
- Endometriosis managementGynecologyHigh
- EndometriosisGynecologyHigh
Contraindications
- Severe hypersensitivity to goserelin or excipientsImmunologicHigh
- Undiagnosed vaginal bleedingGynecologicalModerate
- PregnancyPopulationHighPotential fetal risk or insufficient safety data
- BreastfeedingPopulationHighPotential transfer into breast milk or insufficient safety data
- Hypersensitivity to GnRH analoguesAllergy/ImmunologyHigh
- Osteoporosis (severe pre-existing)Metabolic/boneModerate
Adverse Effects
- Injection site reactionsLocalCommon
- Hot flashesEndocrine / VasomotorCommon
- Cardiovascular events (e.g., myocardial infarction)CardiovascularRare
- Bone mineral density lossSkeletalUncommon
- Tumor flare (initial)OncologyUncommon
- Hot flashes/flushesVasomotorCommon
- Depression and mood changesPsychiatricUncommon
- Sexual dysfunction / decreased libidoEndocrine/sexualCommon
- Injection site reactionLocalCommonRedness, swelling, itching, bruising, or pain at the injection site
- Bone mineral density reductionMusculoskeletalCommon
- Decreased libido / erectile dysfunctionSexual / EndocrineCommon
Drug Interactions
- QT-prolonging drugsModerate
- CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole)Low
- Estrogen replacement therapyModerate
- Aromatase inhibitors (e.g., anastrozole, letrozole)Low
- Anti-androgens (e.g., bicalutamide, flutamide)Low
- Antidiabetic agents (insulin, oral hypoglycemics)Moderate
Population Constraints
- Pediatric patientsAgeRelative
- Patients with osteoporosis or high fracture riskMusculoskeletalRelative
- Patients with diabetes mellitusMetabolicRelative
- Elderly patientsAgeRelative
- Patients with cardiovascular diseaseComorbidityRelative
- Patients with urinary tract obstruction (prostate cancer)UrologicalRelative
Regulatory Status
- European UnionApprovedApproved: Prostate cancer, Breast cancer, Endometriosis, Uterine fibroids, Precocious pubertyEMA approval for same indications.
- United StatesApprovedApproved: Prostate cancer, Breast cancer, Endometriosis, Uterine fibroids, Precocious pubertyFDA‑approved as Zoladex.
- United KingdomApprovedApproved: Prostate cancer, Breast cancer, Endometriosis, Uterine fibroids, Precocious pubertyMHRA approval.
FDA‑approved (1991) for prostate cancer and later for breast cancer, endometriosis, and other indications. EMA and other agencies have similar approvals.
Evidence & Sources
No sources recorded yet.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is Goserelin?
Goserelin is an injectable GnRH agonist used to suppress gonadal steroid production in prostate cancer, breast cancer, endometriosis, uterine fibroids, and precocious puberty.
What is Goserelin used for?
Goserelin is educationally associated with: Ovarian protection during chemotherapy, Prostate cancer, Endometrial thinning before ablation, Prostate cancer treatment, Precocious puberty, Breast cancer treatment, Uterine fibroids, Uterine fibroids (leiomyomata), Breast cancer, Endometriosis management, Endometriosis. Educational only — not medical advice.
How is Goserelin administered?
Recorded routes of administration: Intramuscular, Subcutaneous.
What are the potential side effects of Goserelin?
Reported adverse effects include: Injection site reactions, Hot flashes, Cardiovascular events (e.g., myocardial infarction), Bone mineral density loss, Tumor flare (initial), Hot flashes/flushes, Depression and mood changes, Sexual dysfunction / decreased libido, Injection site reaction, Bone mineral density reduction, Decreased libido / erectile dysfunction. This list is not exhaustive — consult a qualified clinician.
Who should avoid Goserelin?
Recorded contraindications: Severe hypersensitivity to goserelin or excipients, Undiagnosed vaginal bleeding, Pregnancy, Breastfeeding, Hypersensitivity to GnRH analogues, Osteoporosis (severe pre-existing). Consult a qualified clinician before use.