Insulin-like growth factor II
Also known as: IGF-2, IGF-II, IGF2, Multiplication-stimulating activity (MSA), Somatomedin A
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Summary
IGF‑II is a 67‑amino‑acid peptide hormone that regulates fetal development and tissue growth. It is used experimentally as a research tool and has no approved therapeutic indication.
Mechanism of Action
Binds IGF1R and insulin receptor isoform A, activating intracellular PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways to promote cell proliferation, differentiation, and metabolic effects; also binds IGF2R for clearance.
Routes of Administration
Goals & Uses
- Stimulate cellular growthResearchHigh
- Metabolic regulation / insulin sensitizationMetabolismLow
- Neuroprotection and cognitive functionNeurologyLow
- Oncology biomarker / cancer driver understandingOncology / ResearchModerate
- Fetal and neonatal growth supportEndocrinology / GrowthLow
- Muscle regeneration and repairMusculoskeletalLow
- Fetal development studiesResearchHigh
Contraindications
- Active malignancyOncologyHighUse caution or avoid depending on agent and context
- Diabetic retinopathyOphthalmologyModerate
- Acromegaly or gigantismEndocrineHigh
- Hypoglycemia risk / insulin-secreting tumorsEndocrinologyHigh
Adverse Effects
- EdemaFluid BalanceUncommonSwelling from fluid retention
- HypoglycemiaMetabolicUnknownAbnormally low blood glucose
- Injection site reactionsLocalCommon
- Tumor growth promotionOncologyUnknown
- Headache and intracranial hypertensionNeurologicalUncommon
Drug Interactions
- InsulinModerateMay increase risk of low blood sugar
- Insulin and insulin secretagoguesHigh
- CorticosteroidsModerate
- Anticancer / anti-IGF therapies (e.g., figitumumab, ganitumab)High
- Growth hormoneLow
Population Constraints
- Pediatric patientsAgeRelative
- Patients with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndromeGeneticAbsolute
- Elderly patientsAgeRelative
- Pregnant womenReproductiveRelative
- Patients with personal or family history of cancerOncology RiskRelative
Regulatory Status
- European UnionUnapprovedNot authorized for clinical use.
- United StatesUnapprovedInvestigational research reagent only.
- United KingdomUnapprovedResearch chemical.
Not approved for clinical use in any jurisdiction; investigational only.
Evidence & Sources
No sources recorded yet.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is Insulin-like growth factor II?
IGF‑II is a 67‑amino‑acid peptide hormone that regulates fetal development and tissue growth. It is used experimentally as a research tool and has no approved therapeutic indication.
What is Insulin-like growth factor II used for?
Insulin-like growth factor II is educationally associated with: Stimulate cellular growth, Metabolic regulation / insulin sensitization, Neuroprotection and cognitive function, Oncology biomarker / cancer driver understanding, Fetal and neonatal growth support, Muscle regeneration and repair, Fetal development studies. Educational only — not medical advice.
How is Insulin-like growth factor II administered?
Recorded routes of administration: Intraperitoneal, Intravenous, Subcutaneous.
What are the potential side effects of Insulin-like growth factor II?
Reported adverse effects include: Edema, Hypoglycemia, Injection site reactions, Tumor growth promotion, Headache and intracranial hypertension. This list is not exhaustive — consult a qualified clinician.
Who should avoid Insulin-like growth factor II?
Recorded contraindications: Active malignancy, Diabetic retinopathy, Acromegaly or gigantism, Hypoglycemia risk / insulin-secreting tumors. Consult a qualified clinician before use.