Interferon gamma-1b
Also known as: Actimmune, IFN-γ1b, IFNG, Interferon gamma-1b, rhu IFN-gamma, rIFN-γ1b
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Summary
Recombinant human interferon gamma-1b (Actimmune) is an immunomodulatory cytokine approved for chronic granulomatous disease and severe malignant osteopetrosis; administered subcutaneously to boost innate immunity.
Mechanism of Action
Binds interferon gamma receptor (IFNGR) activating JAK1/2-STAT1 signaling, upregulating MHC expression and enhancing macrophage microbial killing
Routes of Administration
Goals & Uses
- Reduction of serious infections in chronic granulomatous diseaseImmunodeficiency / Infection ProphylaxisHigh
- Antiviral / antitumor immunotherapyOncology / AntiviralLow
- Adjunct in refractory infectionsInfectious DiseaseModerate
- Chronic Granulomatous DiseaseImmunodeficiencyHigh
- Severe Malignant OsteopetrosisBone DisorderHigh
- Treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosisFibrosis / Pulmonary DiseaseLow
- Delay of disease progression in severe malignant osteopetrosisBone Disease / ImmunomodulationModerate
Contraindications
- Pre-existing severe neurological or seizure disordersNeurologicalModerate
- Hypersensitivity to interferon gamma-1bAllergyHigh
- Severe hepatic impairmentOrganModerateLiver function concerns
- Severe autoimmune diseaseImmunologicalModerate
- Pre-existing severe cardiac diseaseCardiovascularModerate
- Hypersensitivity to interferon-gamma or E. coli-derived proteinsAllergy / ImmunologyHigh
Adverse Effects
- Elevated liver enzymes (AST/ALT)HepatotoxicityUncommon
- Injection site reactionsLocalCommon
- Central nervous system effects (decreased mental status, gait disturbance, dizziness)NeurologicalUncommon
- Neutropenia / thrombocytopeniaHematologicUncommon
- NeutropeniaHematologicRareLow neutrophil count
- Flu-like symptoms (fever, chills, myalgia, headache, fatigue)Systemic / ConstitutionalCommon
- Injection site reactionLocalCommonRedness, swelling, itching, bruising, or pain at the injection site
- Elevated liver enzymesHepaticUncommonIncrease in AST/ALT or other hepatic markers
- Flu‑like syndrome (fever, chills, myalgia)SystemicCommon
- Cardiovascular effects (hypotension, tachycardia, syncope)CardiovascularRare
Drug Interactions
- Immunosuppressants (e.g., azathioprine)Low
- Live vaccinesModerate
- Zidovudine (AZT)Moderate
- CYP450-metabolized drugs (e.g., theophylline, warfarin, phenytoin)Moderate
- Immunosuppressants (e.g., corticosteroids, cyclosporine)Moderate
- Myelosuppressive agents (e.g., azathioprine, cyclophosphamide)Moderate
Population Constraints
- PregnancyReproductive SafetyRelative
- LactationReproductiveRelative
- Patients with pre-existing autoimmune diseaseAutoimmuneRelative
- Pediatric (≤2 years)AgeRelative
- Pediatric patients < 0.5 m² BSAPediatricRelative
- Elderly patientsAgeRelative
Regulatory Status
- European UnionInvestigationalNot marketed; available via compassionate use programs
- United StatesApprovedApproved: Chronic Granulomatous Disease, Severe Malignant OsteopetrosisMarketed as Actimmune
- United KingdomUnapprovedNo licensed product; can be accessed under special access scheme
FDA approved in 1995 (US); EMA approval withdrawn in 2013, currently available in limited EU markets under compassionate use.
Evidence & Sources
No sources recorded yet.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is Interferon gamma-1b?
Recombinant human interferon gamma-1b (Actimmune) is an immunomodulatory cytokine approved for chronic granulomatous disease and severe malignant osteopetrosis; administered subcutaneously to boost innate immunity.
What is Interferon gamma-1b used for?
Interferon gamma-1b is educationally associated with: Reduction of serious infections in chronic granulomatous disease, Antiviral / antitumor immunotherapy, Adjunct in refractory infections, Chronic Granulomatous Disease, Severe Malignant Osteopetrosis, Treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, Delay of disease progression in severe malignant osteopetrosis. Educational only — not medical advice.
How is Interferon gamma-1b administered?
Recorded routes of administration: Intramuscular, Subcutaneous.
What are the potential side effects of Interferon gamma-1b?
Reported adverse effects include: Elevated liver enzymes (AST/ALT), Injection site reactions, Central nervous system effects (decreased mental status, gait disturbance, dizziness), Neutropenia / thrombocytopenia, Neutropenia, Flu-like symptoms (fever, chills, myalgia, headache, fatigue), Injection site reaction, Elevated liver enzymes, Flu‑like syndrome (fever, chills, myalgia), Cardiovascular effects (hypotension, tachycardia, syncope). This list is not exhaustive — consult a qualified clinician.
Who should avoid Interferon gamma-1b?
Recorded contraindications: Pre-existing severe neurological or seizure disorders, Hypersensitivity to interferon gamma-1b, Severe hepatic impairment, Severe autoimmune disease, Pre-existing severe cardiac disease, Hypersensitivity to interferon-gamma or E. coli-derived proteins. Consult a qualified clinician before use.