Thymalfasin
Also known as: TA1, Thymosin alpha-1, Thymosin alpha‑1, Thymosin α1, Tα1, Zadaxin
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Summary
Thymalfasin (Thymosin alpha‑1) is a 28‑amino‑acid peptide that modulates immune responses and is used as an adjunct therapy for viral infections (HBV, HCV), certain cancers, and immune deficiencies in several countries.
Mechanism of Action
Enhances T‑cell differentiation and function, up‑regulates Th1 cytokines (IL‑2, IFN‑γ) and promotes maturation of dendritic cells, leading to improved cellular immunity.
Routes of Administration
Goals & Uses
- Chronic Hepatitis C treatmentAntiviralHigh
- Support cancer immunotherapyOncologyLow
- Chronic Hepatitis B treatmentAntiviralHigh
- Sepsis adjunctive therapyCritical Care / ImmunomodulationModerate
- Cancer immunoadjuvantOncologyModerate
- Immune reconstitution in immunocompromised patientsImmunomodulationModerate
- Enhance antiviral immunityViral InfectionModerate
- Treat immunodeficiencyImmune DeficiencyModerate
- COVID-19 adjunctive treatmentAntiviral / ImmunomodulationLow
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to thymalfasin or excipientsAllergyHigh
- Autoimmune diseases (active)ImmunologicalModerate
- Severe autoimmune diseaseImmunologicalModerate
- Organ transplant recipients on immunosuppressive therapyImmunologicalModerate
- Known hypersensitivity to thymalfasinAllergyHigh
Adverse Effects
- Flu-like symptomsSystemic/ImmunologicalUncommon
- Hypersensitivity / allergic reactionsImmunologicRare
- Flu‑like symptomsSystemicUncommon
- Injection site reactionsLocalCommon
- NauseaGastrointestinalUncommonFeeling of sickness or urge to vomit
- FatigueGeneralUncommonLow energy or tiredness
- Transient lymphopeniaHematologicRare
- Injection site erythemaLocalCommonRedness at the injection site
Drug Interactions
- Immunosuppressants (e.g., corticosteroids, cyclosporine, tacrolimus)Moderate
- CyclosporineModerate
- CorticosteroidsModerate
- Interferon-alphaLow
- Vaccines (influenza, hepatitis B)Low
Population Constraints
- PregnancyReproductive SafetyRelative
- Pediatric patientsAgeRelative
- LactationReproductiveRelative
- Pediatrics (<2 y)AgeRelative
- Elderly patientsAgeRelative
Regulatory Status
- CNApprovedApproved: immune deficiency, viral hepatitisApproved by NMPA.
- European UnionUnapprovedNo marketing authorization in EU member states.
- JPApprovedApproved: chronic hepatitis B, hepatocellular carcinoma adjunctMarketed as Zadaxin.
- United StatesInvestigationalInvestigational New Drug (IND) status; not FDA‑approved.
- United KingdomUnknownNo MHRA full marketing authorization; may be available via named-patient or special import schemes.
Approved for clinical use in Japan, China, and several other Asian markets; not approved by the US FDA (investigational) and not marketed in the EU.
Evidence & Sources
No sources recorded yet.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is Thymalfasin?
Thymalfasin (Thymosin alpha‑1) is a 28‑amino‑acid peptide that modulates immune responses and is used as an adjunct therapy for viral infections (HBV, HCV), certain cancers, and immune deficiencies in several countries.
What is Thymalfasin used for?
Thymalfasin is educationally associated with: Chronic Hepatitis C treatment, Support cancer immunotherapy, Chronic Hepatitis B treatment, Sepsis adjunctive therapy, Cancer immunoadjuvant, Immune reconstitution in immunocompromised patients, Enhance antiviral immunity, Treat immunodeficiency, COVID-19 adjunctive treatment. Educational only — not medical advice.
How is Thymalfasin administered?
Recorded routes of administration: Intramuscular, Intravenous, Subcutaneous.
What are the potential side effects of Thymalfasin?
Reported adverse effects include: Flu-like symptoms, Hypersensitivity / allergic reactions, Flu‑like symptoms, Injection site reactions, Nausea, Fatigue, Transient lymphopenia, Injection site erythema. This list is not exhaustive — consult a qualified clinician.
Who should avoid Thymalfasin?
Recorded contraindications: Hypersensitivity to thymalfasin or excipients, Autoimmune diseases (active), Severe autoimmune disease, Organ transplant recipients on immunosuppressive therapy, Known hypersensitivity to thymalfasin. Consult a qualified clinician before use.