Antithrombin III human
Also known as: Antithrombin III, Antithrombin-III, AT-III, ATIII, ATryn, Human antithrombin, SERPINC1 protein, Thrombate III
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Summary
Human antithrombin III (ATIII) is a plasma glycoprotein that regulates coagulation by inhibiting thrombin and factor Xa. Recombinant ATIII (ATryn) is approved for prophylaxis and treatment of antithrombin deficiency, especially during surgery or pregnancy.
Mechanism of Action
Inactivates thrombin, factor Xa, and other serine proteases in the coagulation cascade, thereby exerting anticoagulant activity.
Routes of Administration
Goals & Uses
- Treatment of acute thrombotic eventsTreatmentModerate
- DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation) managementOff Label / InvestigationalLow
- Perioperative thromboprophylaxis in AT-III-deficient patientsSurgical Risk ManagementHigh
- Prevention of thromboembolic events in hereditary AT-III deficiencyAnticoagulation / Thrombosis ProphylaxisHigh
- Pregnancy support in AT deficiencySupportiveHigh
- Prophylaxis of venous thromboembolismPreventionHigh
- Treatment of acute thromboembolism in hereditary AT-III deficiencyAnticoagulation / Thrombosis TreatmentHigh
- Obstetric thromboprophylaxis in AT-III-deficient patientsObstetric ManagementModerate
Contraindications
- Acquired AT-III deficiency without concurrent heparin resistanceClinical Indication MismatchModerate
- Hypersensitivity to human plasma-derived productsAllergy / ImmunologicHigh
- Severe uncontrolled hypertensionCardiovascularModerate
- Active bleedingHemostasisHigh
- Hypersensitivity to goat milk or goat milk proteins (ATryn only)Allergy / ImmunologicHigh
Adverse Effects
- Hypersensitivity reactionsImmunologicUncommon
- Hypersensitivity / anaphylaxisImmunologicalRare
- Injection site reactionsLocalCommon
- Dizziness / lightheadednessNeurologicUncommon
- Thromboembolic events (paradoxical)VascularRare
- Theoretical viral / prion transmission (plasma-derived only)InfectiousRare
- Chest tightness / dyspneaRespiratory / CardiovascularRare
- BleedingHematologicUncommonAbnormal bleeding or hemorrhage
- Infusion-site reactionsLocal / AdministrationUncommon
Drug Interactions
- HeparinModerate
- Direct oral anticoagulants (rivaroxaban, apixaban, dabigatran)Moderate
- Warfarin / vitamin K antagonistsModerate
- WarfarinLow
- Thrombolytics (alteplase, streptokinase)High
- Heparin (unfractionated or LMWH)High
Population Constraints
- PregnancyReproductive SafetyRelative
- Hepatic impairmentOrgan FunctionRelative
- Patients with known coagulopathy beyond AT-III deficiencyHematologic ComorbidityRelative
- Pediatric patientsAgeRelative
- Pregnant womenReproductiveRelative
Regulatory Status
- European UnionApprovedApproved: Hereditary antithrombin deficiencyEMA approval with similar labeling.
- United StatesApprovedApproved: Congenital antithrombin deficiency prophylaxisFDA approval for ATryn (recombinant ATIII).
- United KingdomApprovedApproved: Treatment and prophylaxis of thromboembolic events in hereditary antithrombin deficiencyRecognized post-Brexit; plasma-derived and recombinant formulations available under MHRA authorization.
Recombinant ATIII (ATryn) received FDA approval in 2005 for congenital AT deficiency; EMA approval for similar indications. Used under prescription and monitored for anticoagulant effect.
Evidence & Sources
No sources recorded yet.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is Antithrombin III human?
Human antithrombin III (ATIII) is a plasma glycoprotein that regulates coagulation by inhibiting thrombin and factor Xa. Recombinant ATIII (ATryn) is approved for prophylaxis and treatment of antithrombin deficiency, especially during surgery or pregnancy.
What is Antithrombin III human used for?
Antithrombin III human is educationally associated with: Treatment of acute thrombotic events, DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation) management, Perioperative thromboprophylaxis in AT-III-deficient patients, Prevention of thromboembolic events in hereditary AT-III deficiency, Pregnancy support in AT deficiency, Prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism, Treatment of acute thromboembolism in hereditary AT-III deficiency, Obstetric thromboprophylaxis in AT-III-deficient patients. Educational only — not medical advice.
How is Antithrombin III human administered?
Recorded routes of administration: Intravenous, Subcutaneous.
What are the potential side effects of Antithrombin III human?
Reported adverse effects include: Hypersensitivity reactions, Hypersensitivity / anaphylaxis, Injection site reactions, Dizziness / lightheadedness, Thromboembolic events (paradoxical), Theoretical viral / prion transmission (plasma-derived only), Chest tightness / dyspnea, Bleeding, Infusion-site reactions. This list is not exhaustive — consult a qualified clinician.
Who should avoid Antithrombin III human?
Recorded contraindications: Acquired AT-III deficiency without concurrent heparin resistance, Hypersensitivity to human plasma-derived products, Severe uncontrolled hypertension, Active bleeding, Hypersensitivity to goat milk or goat milk proteins (ATryn only). Consult a qualified clinician before use.