C-peptide
Also known as: C peptide, Connecting peptide, Insulin C-peptide, Insulin C‑peptide, Proinsulin C-peptide, Proinsulin C‑peptide
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Summary
C‑peptide is a 31‑amino‑acid fragment cleaved from proinsulin. It is used as a biomarker of endogenous insulin secretion and investigated for therapeutic effects in diabetic neuropathy and renal disease.
Mechanism of Action
Co‑secreted with insulin; may improve microvascular blood flow and nerve function via endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation.
Routes of Administration
Goals & Uses
- Cardiac function improvement in type 1 diabetesCardioprotectionLow
- Diabetic peripheral neuropathy improvementNeuroprotection / Nerve FunctionModerate
- Microvascular blood flow improvementVascular FunctionModerate
- Renal protection in diabetesNephropathyLow
- Diabetic neuropathy treatmentNeuropathyModerate
- Endogenous insulin secretion biomarkerDiagnostic / MonitoringHigh
- Diabetic nephropathy attenuationRenal ProtectionModerate
Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity to C‑peptideAllergyHigh
- Hypersensitivity to C-peptide or formulation componentsImmunologicHigh
- Type 2 diabetes or conditions with endogenous C-peptideEndocrineModerate
Adverse Effects
- HypoglycemiaMetabolicRareAbnormally low blood glucose
- Injection site reactionsLocalCommon
- Antibody FormationImmunologicalUnknown
- NauseaGastrointestinalUncommonFeeling of sickness or urge to vomit
- Injection site reactionLocalCommonRedness, swelling, itching, bruising, or pain at the injection site
Drug Interactions
- InsulinLowMay increase risk of low blood sugar
- ACE inhibitors / ARBsLow
Population Constraints
- PregnancyReproductive SafetyRelative
- Renal impairmentOrgan ImpairmentRelative
- Pediatric patientsAgeRelative
- Pregnant womenReproductiveRelative
Regulatory Status
- European UnionInvestigationalClinical trials ongoing.
- United StatesInvestigationalUnder IND for diabetic neuropathy.
- United KingdomInvestigationalNo MHRA approval for therapeutic use. Diagnostic use established via laboratory assay.
Not approved as a therapeutic agent; studied in phase II/III trials for neuropathy.
Evidence & Sources
No sources recorded yet.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is C-peptide?
C‑peptide is a 31‑amino‑acid fragment cleaved from proinsulin. It is used as a biomarker of endogenous insulin secretion and investigated for therapeutic effects in diabetic neuropathy and renal disease.
What is C-peptide used for?
C-peptide is educationally associated with: Cardiac function improvement in type 1 diabetes, Diabetic peripheral neuropathy improvement, Microvascular blood flow improvement, Renal protection in diabetes, Diabetic neuropathy treatment, Endogenous insulin secretion biomarker, Diabetic nephropathy attenuation. Educational only — not medical advice.
How is C-peptide administered?
Recorded routes of administration: Intravenous, Subcutaneous.
What are the potential side effects of C-peptide?
Reported adverse effects include: Hypoglycemia, Injection site reactions, Antibody Formation, Nausea, Injection site reaction. This list is not exhaustive — consult a qualified clinician.
Who should avoid C-peptide?
Recorded contraindications: Known hypersensitivity to C‑peptide, Hypersensitivity to C-peptide or formulation components, Type 2 diabetes or conditions with endogenous C-peptide. Consult a qualified clinician before use.