Human interleukin-2
Also known as: Aldesleukin, IL-2, Proleukin, recombinant human IL-2, T-cell growth factor, TCGF
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Summary
Recombinant human interleukin‑2 (aldesleukin) is an immunostimulatory cytokine approved for metastatic renal cell carcinoma and melanoma; it enhances T‑cell and NK‑cell mediated anti‑tumor responses.
Mechanism of Action
Activates the IL-2 receptor (CD25/CD122/CD132) leading to proliferation of activated T cells and NK cells
Routes of Administration
Goals & Uses
- Metastatic melanomaOncologyHigh
- Metastatic renal cell carcinoma treatmentOncologyHigh
- Immune reconstitution in HIVInfectious DiseaseModerate
- HIV infection adjunctInfectiousLow
- adoptive cell therapy supportImmunotherapyModerate
- Metastatic melanoma treatmentOncologyHigh
- Expansion of regulatory T cells (autoimmune diseases)ImmunologyModerate
- Metastatic renal cell carcinomaOncologyHigh
- Adoptive cell therapy adjunctOncology / ImmunotherapyModerate
Contraindications
- solid organ transplantTransplantHigh
- Active autoimmune disease requiring systemic treatmentImmunologyModerate
- Severe hepatic or renal impairmentOrgan ImpairmentModerate
- PregnancyPopulationModeratePotential fetal risk or insufficient safety data
- Severe cardiovascular diseaseCardiovascularHigh
- Active infection or sepsisInfectious DiseaseHigh
- Organ transplant recipients on immunosuppressionTransplantHigh
- Abnormal thallium stress test or pulmonary function testsCardiovascular/PulmonaryHigh
- autoimmune disease activityAutoimmuneModerate
Adverse Effects
- Injection site reactionsLocalCommon
- Capillary leak syndromeVascularRareLeakage of fluid from blood vessels into tissues
- HypotensionCardiovascularCommonLow blood pressure
- Nausea/vomitingGastrointestinalCommon
- Fever and chillsConstitutionalCommon
- Neuropsychiatric effects (confusion, somnolence)NeurologicalUncommon
- Renal impairment / oliguriaRenalCommon
- Fever, chills, rigorsConstitutionalCommon
- Elevated liver enzymesHepaticUncommonIncrease in AST/ALT or other hepatic markers
Drug Interactions
- Antihypertensive agentsModerate
- Beta‑blockersLow
- Nephrotoxic agents (e.g., aminoglycosides, NSAIDs)High
- CyclosporineHigh
- CorticosteroidsModerate
- Checkpoint inhibitors (e.g., nivolumab, ipilimumab)Moderate
Population Constraints
- Renal impairmentOrgan ImpairmentRelative
- Patients with CNS metastasesDisease RelatedRelative
- Pediatric patientsAgeRelative
- Elderly patients (>65 years)AgeRelative
- Pregnant womenReproductiveRelative
- Elderly (>65)AgeRelative
Regulatory Status
- European UnionApprovedApproved: metastatic renal cell carcinoma, metastatic melanomaEMA centralized procedure
- United StatesApprovedApproved: metastatic renal cell carcinoma, metastatic melanomaPrescribed under Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS)
- United KingdomApprovedApproved: metastatic renal cell carcinoma, metastatic melanomaMHRA approved
FDA approved (1992) as Proleukin; EMA approved for similar indications; used under restricted distribution due to toxicity.
Evidence & Sources
No sources recorded yet.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is Human interleukin-2?
Recombinant human interleukin‑2 (aldesleukin) is an immunostimulatory cytokine approved for metastatic renal cell carcinoma and melanoma; it enhances T‑cell and NK‑cell mediated anti‑tumor responses.
What is Human interleukin-2 used for?
Human interleukin-2 is educationally associated with: Metastatic melanoma, Metastatic renal cell carcinoma treatment, Immune reconstitution in HIV, HIV infection adjunct, adoptive cell therapy support, Metastatic melanoma treatment, Expansion of regulatory T cells (autoimmune diseases), Metastatic renal cell carcinoma, Adoptive cell therapy adjunct. Educational only — not medical advice.
How is Human interleukin-2 administered?
Recorded routes of administration: Intravenous, Subcutaneous.
What are the potential side effects of Human interleukin-2?
Reported adverse effects include: Injection site reactions, Capillary leak syndrome, Hypotension, Nausea/vomiting, Fever and chills, Neuropsychiatric effects (confusion, somnolence), Renal impairment / oliguria, Fever, chills, rigors, Elevated liver enzymes. This list is not exhaustive — consult a qualified clinician.
Who should avoid Human interleukin-2?
Recorded contraindications: solid organ transplant, Active autoimmune disease requiring systemic treatment, Severe hepatic or renal impairment, Pregnancy, Severe cardiovascular disease, Active infection or sepsis, Organ transplant recipients on immunosuppression, Abnormal thallium stress test or pulmonary function tests, autoimmune disease activity. Consult a qualified clinician before use.