Enalapril
Also known as: Enalapril maleate, Enalaprilat (active form), Enalaprilum, MK-421, Renitec, Vasotec
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Summary
Enalapril is an oral prodrug converted to enalaprilat, a potent ACE inhibitor used to treat hypertension and heart failure.
Mechanism of Action
Inhibits angiotensin‑converting enzyme, preventing conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
Routes of Administration
Goals & Uses
- Hypertension managementCardiovascularHigh
- Diabetic nephropathyRenalModerate
- Asymptomatic LV dysfunctionCardiovascularHigh
- Post-MI LV remodeling preventionCardiovascularModerate
- Heart failure treatmentCardiovascularHigh
- Heart failure (reduced EF)CardiovascularHigh
Contraindications
- Hereditary or idiopathic angioedemaImmunologic/AllergicModerate
- PregnancyPopulationHighPotential fetal risk or insufficient safety data
- Pregnancy (2nd and 3rd trimester)ObstetricHigh
- Concurrent aliskiren use in diabetes or CKD (eGFR <60)Drug InteractionHigh
- History of ACE inhibitor-induced angioedemaImmunologic/AllergicHigh
- Bilateral renal artery stenosisVascular/RenalHigh
Adverse Effects
- CoughRespiratoryCommonPersistent or episodic cough
- HypotensionCardiovascularUncommonLow blood pressure
- Renal impairment (acute)RenalUncommon
- Hypotension (first-dose)CardiovascularCommon
- HyperkalemiaElectrolyte ImbalanceUncommon
- Dry coughRespiratoryCommon
- AngioedemaImmunologicRare
- Dizziness/headacheNeurologicalCommon
Drug Interactions
- Non‑steroidal anti‑inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)Low
- Potassium-sparing diuretics / potassium supplementsHigh
- Sacubitril (Entresto combination)High
- Potassium‑sparing diuretics (e.g., spironolactone)Moderate
- AliskirenHigh
- NSAIDsModerateMay increase renal risk in susceptible patients
- Antidiabetic agents (insulin, sulfonylureas)Low
- LithiumModerate
Population Constraints
- Chronic kidney disease (severe, eGFR <30)RenalRelative
- PregnancyReproductive SafetyAbsolute
- Neonates and infantsPediatricRelative
- Severe renal impairmentOrgan ImpairmentRelative
- Pregnant womenReproductiveAbsolute
- Elderly (>75 years)GeriatricRelative
- Bilateral renal artery stenosisVascularAbsolute
Regulatory Status
- European UnionApprovedApproved: Hypertension, Heart failureEMA approved; various brand names
- United StatesApprovedApproved: Hypertension, Heart failure, Left ventricular dysfunctionApproved by FDA; marketed as Vasotec
- United KingdomApprovedApproved: Hypertension, Heart failureMHRA approved
Approved in major jurisdictions; chemically a peptide‑mimetic dipeptide ester rather than a native peptide.
Evidence & Sources
No sources recorded yet.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is Enalapril?
Enalapril is an oral prodrug converted to enalaprilat, a potent ACE inhibitor used to treat hypertension and heart failure.
What is Enalapril used for?
Enalapril is educationally associated with: Hypertension management, Diabetic nephropathy, Asymptomatic LV dysfunction, Post-MI LV remodeling prevention, Heart failure treatment, Heart failure (reduced EF). Educational only — not medical advice.
How is Enalapril administered?
Recorded routes of administration: Intravenous, Oral.
What are the potential side effects of Enalapril?
Reported adverse effects include: Cough, Hypotension, Renal impairment (acute), Hypotension (first-dose), Hyperkalemia, Dry cough, Angioedema, Dizziness/headache. This list is not exhaustive — consult a qualified clinician.
Who should avoid Enalapril?
Recorded contraindications: Hereditary or idiopathic angioedema, Pregnancy, Pregnancy (2nd and 3rd trimester), Concurrent aliskiren use in diabetes or CKD (eGFR <60), History of ACE inhibitor-induced angioedema, Bilateral renal artery stenosis. Consult a qualified clinician before use.